فصلنامه بیماری های پستان ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 40، بهار 1397)

Exercise is now strongly recommended for breast cancer patients to improve their overall health and quality of life. Monocytes play an important role in the cancer immune system and a better understanding of how acute exercise alters the monocyte subsets would aid in exercise prescription.

Ten breast cancer survivors (age: 59 ± 7.1) who completed their primary cancer treatment within the previous year were evaluated in this study. Using flow cytometry, monocyte subset percentages were evaluated before, immediately after, and 1 hour after 45 minutes of acute, intermittent exercise. Exercise intensity was 60% of peak wattage obtained from a cardiopulmonary exercise test.

The percentage of CD14 monocytes and CD14࠽ monocyte subsets changed significantly across the trial (p= 0.016 and p = 0.016, respectively), with a small, non-significant increase immediately after exercise (CD14: 9%, p= 0.314; CD14࠽: 5%, p= 0.594) followed by a larger significant decrease 1 hour after exercise relative to baseline (CD14: -26%, p= 0.015; CD14࠽: -28%, p= 0.021). CD14࠽ subpopulation showed a tendency to change across the trial but this did not quite reach significance (p= 0.097).

These findings suggest that acute intermittent exercise mobilizes CD14 monocytes and CD14࠽ monocyte subsets in breast cancer survivors in a manner that is comparable to previous reports in healthy individuals. Further studies are warranted to determine the functionality of the mobilized monocytes and the effects of exercise training.

Several studies have reported the lack or down regulation of sirtuin-3 gene expression in various tumors, including breast cancer. A variable number tandem repeat polymorphism has recently been observed in the intron 5 of sirtuin-3 gene, which influences its transcriptional activity. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer.
After extracting DNA from venous blood of 207 patients with breast cancer and 195 healthy individuals, the samples were genotyped using PCR method by primer pairs flanking the 72 bp repeat region in intron 5 of sirtuin-3 gene. The association of genotypes with risk of breast cancer was analyzed in SPSS 21 using logistic regression test.
The allele and genotype frequencies were separately calculated in the patients and controls. Among the patients and controls, the most frequent allele pertained to one repeat alleles. Statistical analysis indicated that 5- and 6- repeat alleles decrease the risk of breast cancer (P Results of the present study indicate that 72-bp variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the intron 5 of sirtuin-3 gene may be a significant risk factor for susceptibility to breast cancer.

some cardio-pulmonary complications, such as lung pneumonia in the radiotherapy treatment of breast cancer are associated with several factors including the amount of irradiated lung volume. Therefore in this study, the determining factors in irradiated lung volume have been investigated.
In this study, 48 patients with early breast cancer treated with 3D CRT radiation, were chosen. All ORS and PTV were contoured based on the RTOG atlas. CLD, MLD and GPD parameters were measured and their relationship with irradiated lung volume percentage was studied by DVH curves.
The correlation between CLD and GPD with a percentage of irradiated lung volume in the tangential fields was linear. For example, CLD of right lung CLD equal to 15, 25 and 35 mm accounted for 10%, 17% and 24% of lung volume in Tangential fields, respectively.
The correlation between CLD and lung volume in tangential fields for the left and right lung was significant. With an increase of one unit in the CLD, on average we expect that left and right lungs volume is increased 2% and 3.2%, respectively.

Angiogenesis has a great role in physiological development of tissues and tumors. Considering the key role of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1-tie-2 in angiogenesis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) on STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1 gene expression, and tie-2 protein in mice with breast cancer.
After inducing cancer (subcutaneous injection of MC4-L2 on the right side of mice), twelve Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks, weight 19±1.05) were randomly assigned to HIIT (n=6) and non-active groups (n=6). HIIT sessions were performed five days a week for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last session of HIIT, the animals were sacrificed and the tumor tissue was isolated for measuring the expression of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1 gene by qreal time PCR and measuring tie-2 protein by western blot method. Tumor volume changes were also assessed using a digital caliper every week.
The results of this study showed a significant decrease in expression of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1, and changes in tumor volume and tie-2 in the training group compared to the control group (p =0.001).
It appears that high intensity interval exercise can reduce the rate of tumor progression through decreasing the expression of some angiogenesis promoters, and is an effective non-medical method for reducing tumor growth.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, which causes depression in the affected patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment style to God and depression in women with breast cancer, and the mediating role of illness perception.
The participants of this study were 397 women with breast cancer presenting to the oncology and chemotherapy wards of Firoozgar, Pars, and Imam Khomeini hospitals and Mahdiyeh Medical Center in Tehran between 2016 and 2017. This study employed convenience sampling technique. The data were collected by administering Attachment-to-God Questionnaire, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling based on path analysis) in SMART PLS.
Direct correlation co-efficients were 0.73, 0.37 and 0.92 between illness perception and variables of avoidance attachment style, anxiety attachment and safe attachment to God, respectively. Direct correlation co-efficients were 0.42, -0.23, -0.22 and -0.47 between depression and variables of disease safe attachment perception, avoidance attachment style, anxiety attachment and safe attachment to God, respectively while their indirect co-efficients with avoidance attachment style, anxiety attachment and safe attachment to God were 0.08, -0.07 and 0.08, respectively.
The results revealed that attachment to God impacts depression of women with breast cancer both directly and indirectly through illness perception.

Breast cancer may potentially affect women’s daily life, including their physical activities, career and social life. Self-differentiation and cognitive emotion regulation are key factors in coping with the disease. Thus, knowledge of these factors may be of value in improving the quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship of self-differentiation and cognitive emotion regulation strategies with the quality of life in women with breast cancer.
This cross-sectional study recruited 200 women from a statistical population of women with breast cancer presenting to Imam Hussein Hospital who were selected according to the Cochran’s formula. Data for this descriptive-correlation study were collected through questionnaires of Quality of Life Scale (SF-12), Self-differentiation (DSI-SF-20), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CERQ-18). Data were analyzed by backward regression analysis in SPSS20 software.
Patients’ mean age was 42.10 ± 3.64 years (range: 30-50 years). Adaptive, maladaptive or both strategies were used by 39.5%, 54.5% and 6% of the participants, respectively. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed the significant relationship of self-differentiation and cognitive emotion eegulation strategies with mental and physical dimensions of the quality of life (p-value = 0.001). Regression analysis results showed self-differentiation, and cognitive emotion regulation significantly predicted 23% of the variance of physical dimension and 35% of the variance of mental dimension of the quality of life, while the remaining belonged to other variables.
According to the results, a reduction in self-differentiation of patients increases maladaptive strategies and consequently reduces their quality of life. Therefore, more precise planning for educational and supportive interventions appears necessary for reducing maladaptive strategies and improving quality of life.